In which industries are horizontal force dispersed rubber bearings used
Horizontal force dispersed rubber bearings (the core feature of which is to evenly distribute the horizontal forces (such as seismic forces, temperature stresses, wind loads) borne by bridges, buildings and other structures to the bearing body and lower foundation through special structural design, while also having vertical load-bearing and certain displacement adjustment capabilities) are key lo
Horizontal force dispersed rubber bearings (the core feature of which is to evenly distribute the horizontal forces (such as seismic forces, temperature stresses, wind loads) borne by bridges, buildings and other structures to the bearing body and lower foundation through special structural design, while also having vertical load-bearing and certain displacement adjustment capabilities) are key load-bearing components for seismic and deformation resistance in engineering structures. They are mainly used in civil engineering fields with high requirements for "horizontal force resistance" and "structural stability". The specific industries and scenarios are as follows:
1、 Core Application Industry 1: Highway and Railway Bridge Engineering (Main Scenario)
Bridges are the core application scenario of horizontal force dispersed rubber bearings - bridges need to withstand multiple horizontal forces during service (horizontal impact during earthquakes, horizontal force generated by vehicle braking, beam expansion displacement caused by temperature changes, lateral load caused by strong winds). This type of bearing ensures the safety and long-term stability of bridge structures through "horizontal force dispersion+displacement adaptation". Specific application scenarios include:
1. Highway bridges
Small and medium span highway bridges (such as river crossings and intercity highway bridges): The bearings need to simultaneously bear the vertical weight of the upper structure of the bridge (such as the beam and bridge deck pavement), and disperse the horizontal force generated by vehicle braking (to avoid excessive local stress on the beam causing cracking); Simultaneously adapting to the expansion and contraction of beams caused by temperature changes (such as elongation of beams at high temperatures in summer and shortening at low temperatures in winter), and offsetting deformation stress through the horizontal displacement capacity of supports.
Bridges in earthquake prone areas (such as highway bridges in the southwest and north China earthquake zones): As a "key seismic component", horizontal force dispersed bearings can evenly distribute the horizontal impact force generated by earthquakes to multiple stress points of the bearings (rather than concentrating in one place), and absorb some seismic energy through the elastic deformation of rubber, reducing the damage of earthquakes to bridge piers, columns, and beams (compared to ordinary rubber bearings, their horizontal shear bearing capacity can be increased by 30% -50%).
2. Railway and rail transit bridges
Ordinary speed railway bridges and high-speed railway bridges (such as high-speed railway overpasses and subway elevated bridges): In addition to resisting earthquakes and temperature stresses, it is also necessary to disperse the "lateral horizontal force" generated by high-speed train travel (such as centrifugal force when the train passes through bends), to avoid bearing slippage or damage due to excessive local horizontal force; At the same time, its correct horizontal displacement control capability (displacement can be accurate up to ± 50mm) can adapt to the strict requirements of high-speed railway bridges for "structural deformation accuracy".
2、 Core Application Industry 2: Municipal Engineering (Urban Public Infrastructure)
Large public facilities in municipal engineering, such as urban overpasses, pedestrian overpasses, and underground passages, also face challenges in horizontal force and displacement. Horizontal force dispersed rubber bearings can adapt to their characteristics of being close to the urban environment and densely populated, ensuring the safety and user experience of the facilities
Urban elevated roads/expressways are often built in densely populated areas, and the connection between the upper structure (beam) and the lower foundation (pier column) needs to take into account "load-bearing+seismic+anti-interference" - horizontal force dispersing supports can disperse the horizontal force generated by the braking of elevated vehicles (such as trucks), while reducing the shaking of the elevated structure during earthquakes and avoiding the collapse of the elevated structure due to support failure (protecting the safety of pedestrians and vehicles below); In addition, its low noise and low friction characteristics (small contact friction between rubber material and metal components) can reduce the transmission of vibration noise from elevated vehicles to the ground.
Pedestrian overpasses and underground passages
Pedestrian overpass: It needs to withstand the horizontal wind load caused by strong winds (especially the "cross wind" between urban high-rise buildings that can easily generate lateral thrust on the overpass), while adapting to the expansion and contraction of the beam caused by temperature changes. The horizontal force dispersion ability of the support can avoid cracks in the overpass beam due to uneven local stress;
Underground passage (such as the top structure of an underground pedestrian passage crossing a road): It needs to withstand the vertical pressure of the upper road vehicle load, while dispersing the horizontal stress caused by soil settlement and temperature changes in the underground structure, to avoid cracking and leakage of the top cover plate of the passage.
3、 Core Application Industry 3: Construction Engineering (Medium and Large Sized Buildings and Special Buildings)
In buildings with high requirements for "seismic performance" and "structural stability", horizontal force dispersing rubber bearings can be used as "connection nodes between the foundation and the upper structure" to disperse horizontal forces such as earthquake and wind loads, protect the main structure of the building, and are mainly used for:
Large public buildings
Exhibition centers and sports venues (such as large-span steel structure sports venues): These types of buildings have large spans, light upper structures, and are easily affected by strong wind horizontal loads (such as lateral thrust in typhoon weather). The supports can evenly distribute the wind load to the building foundation and adapt to the horizontal displacement of the steel structure caused by temperature changes (to avoid deformation stress cracking of the steel structure);
Hospitals, schools and other "earthquake resistant key buildings": Outpatient buildings of hospitals and teaching buildings of schools in earthquake prone areas need to use such supports to reduce the impact of seismic horizontal forces on the main body of the building (such as avoiding wall cracking and beam column deformation), ensuring the "usability" of the building during earthquakes (such as hospitals needing to maintain basic medical functions).
Special and Industrial Buildings
Tall structures (such as TV towers and communication towers): need to disperse the horizontal wind vibration force caused by strong winds (to avoid fatigue damage to the tower body due to long-term wind vibration), while adapting to the horizontal displacement caused by slight settlement of the foundation;
Heavy industrial plants (such as large workshops in metallurgical and machinery factories): During the operation of heavy equipment (such as rolling mills and machine tools) in the workshop, horizontal vibration loads are generated. Bearings can distribute the vibration loads to the plant foundation, reducing the impact of vibration on the plant walls and floors, and avoiding equipment operation accuracy from being affected by vibration interference.
4、 Core application industry 4: Water conservancy and port engineering (anti current/wave horizontal force)
Structures in water conservancy and port engineering, such as aqueducts and dock approach bridges, need to withstand the horizontal impact force brought by water flow and waves. Horizontal force dispersed rubber bearings can be designed with "horizontal force dispersion+corrosion resistance" to adapt to such humid and corrosive environments:
The water conservancy culvert project (an overhead water tank structure used for transporting water resources, commonly seen in water conservancy projects such as the South to North Water Diversion Project) needs to simultaneously bear the vertical weight of the water in the culvert, as well as the horizontal thrust generated by the flow of water (such as the impact force when the water turns or the flow velocity changes); The horizontal force dispersing type support can evenly distribute the horizontal thrust to the culvert support, while adapting to the expansion and contraction of the culvert caused by temperature changes (avoiding water leakage due to deformation and cracking of the culvert). Some supports also undergo anti-corrosion treatment (such as surface galvanizing and rubber using water-resistant formula) to resist water erosion.
The approach bridge of the port terminal and the wharf (the bridge connecting the land and the wharf platform), the wharf (such as the cargo transport wharf of the freight terminal) need to withstand the horizontal impact force (such as the squeezing force when the ship docks), the horizontal load brought by waves, and the braking horizontal force of the cargo transport vehicle when the ship docks; The support can disperse these instantaneous or long-term horizontal forces, avoiding damage to the approach bridge beam and dock platform due to excessive local stress, while adapting to small displacement of the foundation caused by tidal changes (such as slight settlement caused by tidal immersion in the dock area).
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